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The ''Billboard'' charts tabulate the relative weekly popularity of songs or albums in the United States and elsewhere. The results are published in ''Billboard'' magazine. ''Billboard'' biz, the online extension of the ''Billboard'' charts, provides additional weekly charts.〔(Billboard biz charts ), Billboard's online reference for the music community, retrieved on December 6, 2014〕 There are also Year End charts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Charts - Year End )〕 ==History, methods and description== On January 4, 1936, ''Billboard'' magazine published its first music hit parade. The first Music Popularity Chart was calculated in July 1940. A variety of song charts followed, which were eventually consolidated into the Hot 100 by mid-1958. The Hot 100 currently combines single sales, radio airplay, digital downloads, and streaming activity (including data from YouTube and other video sites). All of the ''Billboard'' charts use this basic formula. What separates the charts is which stations and stores are used; each musical genre has a core audience or retail group. Each genre's department at ''Billboard'' is headed up by a chart manager, who makes these determinations. For many years, a song had to be commercially available as a single to be considered for any of the ''Billboard'' charts. At the time, instead of using Nielsen SoundScan or Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), ''Billboard'' obtained its data from manual reports filled out by radio stations and stores. According to the 50th Anniversary issue of ''Billboard'', prior to the official implementation of SoundScan tracking in November 1991, many radio stations and retail stores removed songs from their manual reports after the associated record labels stopped promoting a particular single. Thus songs fell quickly after peaking and had shorter chart lives. In 1990, the country singles chart was the first chart to use SoundScan and BDS. They were followed by the Hot 100 and the R&B chart in 1991. Today, all of the ''Billboard'' charts use this technology. Originally, ''Billboard'' had separate charts for different measures of popularity, including disk jockey playings, juke box song selection, and best selling records in retail stores. A composite standing chart that combined these gradually grew to become a top 100, the predecessor to the current Hot 100 chart. The juke box chart ceased publication after the June 17, 1957 issue, the disk jockey chart, after the July 28, 1958 issue, and the best seller chart, after the October 13, 1958 issue. The July 28, 1958 issue was also the last issue that called the composite chart the "Top 100"; the following week began the "Hot 100". ''Billboard'' publishes many different charts, with the Hot 100 and Billboard 200 being the most famous. ''Billboard'' also has charts for the following music styles: rock, country, dance, bluegrass, jazz, classical, R&B, rap, electronic, pop, Latin, Christian music, comedy albums, catalog albums, and even ringtones for mobile (cell) phones. In 2009 ''Billboard'' partnered with MetroLyrics to offer top 10 lyrics for each of the charts. At the end of each year, ''Billboard'' tallies the results of all of its charts, and the results are published in a year-end issue and heard on year-end editions of its ''American Top 40'' and ''American Country Countdown'' radio broadcasts. Between 1991 and 2006, the top single/album/artist(s) in each of those charts was/were awarded in the form of the annual Billboard Music Awards, which were held in December until the awards went dormant in 2007. The awards returned in May 2011. Before September 1995, singles were allowed to chart in the week they first went on sale based on airplay points alone. The policy was changed in September 1995 to only allow a single to debut after a full week of sales on combined sales and airplay points. This allowed several tracks to debut at number one. In December 1998, the policy was further modified to allow tracks to chart on the basis of airplay alone without a commercial release. This change was made to reflect the changing realities of the music business. Previous to this, several substantial radio and MTV hits had not appeared on the ''Billboard'' chart at all, because many major labels chose not to release them as standalone singles, hoping their unavailability would spur greater album sales. Not offering a popular song to the public as a single was unheard of before the 1970s. The genres that suffered most at the time were those that increasingly impacted pop culture, including new genres such as trip hop and grunge. Among the many pre-1999 songs that had ended up in this Hot 100 limbo were The Cardigans' "Lovefool", Natalie Imbruglia's "Torn", Goo Goo Dolls' "Iris", OMC's "How Bizarre", Sugar Ray's "Fly" and No Doubt's "Don't Speak". On June 25, 2015, ''Billboard'' made changes in its chart requirements. Starting July 10, the official street date for all new album releases will be Friday (instead of the current Tuesday) in the United States, For all sales-based charts (ranking both albums and tracks), ''Billboard'' and Nielsen changed the chart reporting period to cover the first seven days of an album's release. As a result of the changes, The ''Billboard'' 200, Top Albums Sales, Genre-based albums, Digital Songs, genre-based downloads, Streaming Songs, and genre-focused streaming surveys will run on a Friday to Thursday cycle. Radio Songs, which informs the Hot 100, will synch up to that Monday to Sunday period after formerly encompassing each Wednesday to Tuesday. All other radio charts and genre tallies follows the Monday to Sunday cycle, as they are monitored on a real-time basis. The move was made to coincide with the IFPI's move to have all singles and albums to be released on Friday globally.〔("Billboard to Alter Chart Tracking Week for Global Release Date" ) from Billboard (June 24, 2015)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Billboard charts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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